Are corporations persons with religious freedom rights Case Study

Are corporations persons with religious freedom rights - Case Study Example ) The court observed that the reason of extending these rights to corporations was to protect the right of employees, shareholders and officers of the corporation. Allowing these corporations to enforce RFRA claims serve to protect the religious liberty of the corporation. c) The court also reasoned that corporations would be considered persons with religious freedom rights within the meaning of the RFRA. Non profit organizations are considered persons within the meaning of the RFRA and this should be extended to for profit organizations. Although the main objective of these organizations is to make money they also undertake humanitarian and altruistic endeavors similar to those of non profit organizations. d) The court also noted that the governments mandate on contraception greatly hinders the exercise of religion. In its judgment the court noted that the government already had an existing and functional mandate that was already implemented for non profit organizations and this could be extended to corporations with religious reservations. The government would therefore use the non restrictive mandate for Hobby Lobby (Churchill 2014). a) The most likely impact the outcome in Burwell v Hobby Lobby will have will be the perceived impact on employees and employers. However, the court was quick to point out that the decision concerned the contraception mandate only. Thus the outcome cannot be applied where the employer’s religious beliefs conflict with any other requirement. b) The court also clarified that the decision only applies to closely held corporations which are operated according to the sacred beliefs of its owners. What this means is that all other for profit organizations that are closely held are exempt from providing contraception coverage for its employees (Cohen, Lynch, & Curfman 2014). c) The outcome in this case will also affect the mandate of ACA. Under the ACA, exemptions apply only if the employer qualifies as a religious employer, or

My Mentoring Account In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay

My Mentoring Account In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay This is my reflective account of my performance as a mentor in clinical setting, assessing the learning environment and the strategies used for teaching and assessing a student nurse. I have been mentoring student and newly qualified theatre practitioner for many years as a registered nurse for more than 20 years and as a qualified anaesthetic practitioner for 3 years. Working alongside with different mentors in the past help me to understand the different characteristics of being a mentor and developed my own style of facilitating learning within a clinical setting. I have unique experienced of conveying knowledge to others in a way that is comprehensible and significant through my work as a multi-skilled theatre practitioner. Because this assignment is a reflection of my performance in mentoring and assessing a student in nursing practice, Gibbs reflective cycle (1998) will be used the same model I used when I did my University post graduate course 3 years ago. Currently the hospital has program of mentoring university students and newly graduates. The program is in addition to the current program that familiarise students and new graduates to the theatre they will be assigned. It considers influencing the students learning experience by mentorship and assessment. The surgical setting as a learning environment will be examined and the accountability and value of the role of a mentor will be looked upon at. Finally, the overall performance of mentoring will be evaluated. To follow the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC2008) names will be changed and withheld confidential information and the student will be named as my mentee. According to the NMC (2006) students on NMC approved pre-registration nursing course be required to be supported and assessed by a mentor. The nurses / operating department practitioners selected to be mentors should be in the register and should be required to be up to date with their skills, knowledge and competencies with continuity. On the first day of my mentee right after her orientation, we have drawn up her learning opportunities so that there was an awareness of what my mentee hoped to gain from the operating theatre experience. As part of the course work one teaching session and one assessment were arranged. Teaching session includes informal and formal. The formal session happened in the theatre operating room and involved positioning of patients before surgery. My mentee was on her first clinical placement and is not familiar and no experience within a theatre setting. Present during the procedure were myself, my mentee, the rest of the theatre team and an unconscious patient under general anaesthesia. Before any learning lesson took place, it is crucial to build an effective working relationship with the student (Bally, J, 2007). Being kind to her and offering assistance for any needs she might have. My mentee feel that she is part of the team and that she wont feel alone. I build up her confidence by expressing to her that at any point of the teaching session if she did not understand a protocol, or why things were done, or why that thing is important, I will be there to explain and guide her. Learner must be made feel that they are welcome and important; this way will assist the learner to incorporate themselves into the clinical environment (Welsh and Swan 2006). Being approachable and friendly I was enabled to maintain a trusting and comfortable relationship beneficial to learning. My student felt that my character has a strong professional relationship throughout the learning experience. According to the student I am mentoring with, the relationship reduced her tension and anxiety which can affect her ability to learn. Anxiety in students happen to diminished when the mentors are capable of building good working relationship with the students for almost their entire placement (Slevin 2005). Openly welcoming and recognising my student in the team give her a sense of valued as an individual resulting in a positive effect on their self esteem. Personal attributes of the mentor is sometimes the number one barrier when creating effective learning experience. You need to be a good role model to be a good mentor. When I was a nursing student in my own country, I had mentors who were good role models where I learned more and given a chance to share my ideas and feel that I was valued. The results were I enjoyed my placement and excelled in my learning outcomes. To be a successful mentor, it is important that you will find ways to improve the learning environment. It can be a difficult task when creating suitable environment and can affect the learning experience. Nursing students has different backgrounds. Some had good experience working in a healthcare setting as healthcare assistant before entering to University while some just went straight to enrol in a nursing course; therefore, it is necessary to make an appropriate environment for each individual to take full advantage of the learning process (Lowenstein and Bradshaw 2004). The setting for the formal learning session was demanding as my mentee was not familiar working in a hospital theatre based environment. The chosen location was a theatre where it is located at the most secluded area to minimise interruption. This will ensure that my student will give her full attention during the teaching session. Evaluation of the learning process and assessment of the effectiveness of the session will help me to achieve by good planning of teaching session Hinchcliffe (2004). Numerous teaching sessions took place before assessment was done to guarantee that my mentee will feel confident and gained the necessary knowledge and skills to carry out the procedure. We involved each other thru direct questioning, discussion and observation and my mentee is fully aware that she has been assessed at the time of questioning. I taken into account in which the manner my mentee learns as it is important to recognize her learning style so that it can be incorporated to the learning material to facilitate effective learning (McNair et al 2007). Recognizing her individual learning style helps me to arrange her learning preferences. According to Kolb (1984) there are four distinct styles of learning or preferences which are based on four stages, diverging, assimilating, converging and accommodating learning styles. Although mentor and learner has different learning styles the NMC (2006) has developed a standard which point out that mentors have to strive and achieve best fit practice with the level and type of learners that they came upon in training as mentors and learners has different learning styles. It was felt that my mentee is a reflector as she likes to be given adequate time to think things through before reaching to conclusion. She also likes to observe in contrast to direct participation and slow to make up her mind and reach a decision as opposed to her as good in listening and assimilating information. For that reason the diverging learning style was applied for best possible learning. On a variety of occasions, it was clear that my mentee is good in watching a procedure before performing it. Prior to the start of any session, together we made proper visual checks and verbal questionings to the patient and noted in the pre-operative checklist. I pointed out that confirming the patients correct details is of paramount importance and one of the many safety issues she has to consider. Knowing that we have the correct person and the correct procedure, my mentee told me that she is happy and confident to proceed. Surgical room department is one of the most stressful environme nt in the hospital, thus, we give our student an assurance and support that they need from us. When doing the safety positioning of patient before surgery, I was talking to my mentee through the procedure step by step as I put the patient under anaesthesia, intubating and positioning the patient for a procedure. A number of questions followed to test my mentees understanding of the process and she correctly prioritised the order of step by step procedure. In this assessment, my mentee demonstrated theoretically her ability to integrate to the team to provide safe and effective care for the patient. It was also felt that my mentee was learning in an andragogical way, the teaching methods for adult learners, a term used by Knowles (1970). This became obvious when drawing up her learning opportunities. As the formal session involved not only my mentee it was felt that all different types of the learning styles should be consider as every student had their own styles of learning. Realising what the individual characters and needs is important for learning to be effective. Audio-visual materials were used for teaching as this type of learning aids can speed up learning through the use of diverse senses (Neeraja 2008).It is evident that group work allowed the student to produce a working relationship and expectation and it made the learning environment enjoyable and gives me a greater insight into different learning styles when doing it within a group. A written self-assessment followed the session to support my student to assess her strengths and weaknesses. This style of assessment can be valuable for the students as when they assessed themselves can occasionally focus on a negative or limitation. This gives me a chance to advise and correct the weakness and help to point out positi ve aspects of my mentees practice (Welsh and Swann 2006). I told my mentee that she needs to improve her self confidence to make a speedy safe decision before and during a procedure. I also pointed out some concerns on her practice document leaving it out to the last minute and be assertive enough to get it filled in at a regular intervals. Also discussed was her progress and conversely how she taught she was doing. At this point I discussed her development and that she is progressing well and that I was very pleased with her overall performance. I ended the review of her performance with a sandwich feedback (Hinchcliff 2004). It consists of giving not so good feedback inserted between positive feedbacks. My mentee was pleased to fulfil her learning objectives and that she enjoyed the way teaching happens as I took into consideration her individual learning style. She pointed out that an up to date induction pack before placement will be of big help as it makes her less anxious about working in the different surgical department after only having her hospital placements. An action plan has been drawn in response to this. The website directory of the university has been made up to date so students can now access up to date information in relation to this placement. Students should be provided with an induction pack as it will prepare them for the placement ahead (RCN 2007). On reflection the learning experience in general was very encouraging as my mentee was able to accomplish her competencies in an environment conducive to learning. I was able to established effective working relationship and leadership with by influencing and being a role model. By acting as a role model in clinical setting and looking to address natural obstacles in the surgical theatres as operating room are known to be full of activity and issues with staffing levels which contribute to effectiveness on the quality of assessing students (Phillips et al, 2000). I probably could not only develop myself and my student but also other mentors conduct and practice in a constructive way (Girvin 1998). My mentee has given me a positive feedback on my performance as her mentor and made very supportive and encouraging comments. She felt she was fully integrated into the learning environment and thought she was part of the surgical team. Upon reflecting on what I have found difficult about the learning experience, I found that as a mentor I can be faced with different forms of liability as I should be able to validate the marks given for an assessment. As a registered professional, I am accountable in the decisions I will make and must act in the best interests of service users (HCPC 2012). This is obviously no different to the role of the mentor and assessment of student in clinical practice. For that reason, assessing my students competencies brings the same responsibility I have to my patients (Jarvis and Gibson, 1997). After much examination and evaluation of the whole learning experience, I am looking forward to further develop my role as mentor to be a good contributor in educating future nurses. I will attempt to speak more slowly and clearly and learning more about my student before the assessment. I would consider gaining feedback of my student performance from my colleagues as it would allow taking into account the view of other professionals to promote clinical excellence and professionalism. To conclude, mentoring and assessing is fundamental in helping the student to have a complete learning experience. Mentors and student should outline their aims and objectives at the beginning and a professional relationship should be preserved throughout. Assessing nursing student is paramount in delivering a safe and competent nursing care.

College Stress Essay -- University Student Issues Essays Papers

College Stress Jack’s heart pounds as he casts panicked looks around the classroom. He doesn’t recognize the professor, he doesn’t know any of the students, and he can’t even figure out what the subject is. In front of him is a test. At the very last minute his roommate awakens him. It’s only another anxiety dream. The very fact that dreams like Jack’s are common suggests that college is a stressful situation for young people. The cause of this stress can be academic, financial, and personal. Academic stress is common for college students. For many students, going to college is more than just attending classes and taking notes. They usually have a hard time understanding school guidelines and deciding what major they want to study. It is very stressful to read and understand all the school policies, especially the transfer instructions. It is even harder for student to make up their mind what major they should concentrate on. Choosing the right courses and making a schedule is another headache job that students have to go through. Students often find it very tough to decide what are the right classes to take that related to their major. It is also stressful to wake up in the morning and be one time for classes. Finally, preparing and taking mid-term and final exams are the most stressful time that student encounter for the entire semester. In a similar case to Jack, my friend, Som, who is a good student at City College, always gets nervous and stays up all night...

Discussion of Ias 17 Leases

Advanced Accounting Theory & Practice Assignment: Discussion of IAS 17 Leases Huixuan HUANG Student ID: 500284151 Module Organizer: Colin Bradley Words Count: 1964 words Date of Submission: 17th April, 2012 Discussion of IAS 17 Leases Introduction Accounting for leasing is always being a hot topic. The standard setters of IAS 17 encountered much controversy when they tried to stop charging all lease payments to the income statement.In this essay, firstly, I will point out the key features of the current IAS 17 with its effect on General Electric Company for illustrative example. Then I will analyst the development of IAS 17 and its underling rationale. Finally, the criticisms of the standard will mainly be discussed, followed by the brief debate of proposed new leasing standard. Key features with example IAS 17 aims to prescribe the appropriate accounting treatment and disclosure to apply in leased items such as property, plant and equipment for both lessees (the user) and lessor s (the supplier).First of all, IAS 17 defines a lease as â€Å"an agreement whereby the lessor conveys to the lessee in return for a payment or series of payments the right to use an asset for an agreed period of time† (IAS 17) and then the standard classified a lease as finance lease if â€Å"a lease that transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset† (IAS 17). All other leases are distinguished as operating leases. It is the most prominent feature of IAS 17.Clearly, the classification of a lease, ignoring the legal form of arrangement, depends on the substance of the transaction instead, which means it concentrate on the â€Å"risks and rewards† linked with ownership rest with either the lessee or the lessor. IAS 17 provides five primary situations in detail as indicators which would normally be viewed as a finance lease. Additionally, the land element and the buildings element should be normally considered separately whe n distinguishing a lease. The minimum lease payments are allocated between the elements of the lease proportional to their relative fair values at the incipiency of the lease.Of course, IAS 17 requires different accounting for operating leases and finance leases. In the case of operating leases, as the lessee does not shoulder the risks and rewards of ownership, the annual leases payment are only recognizes on a straight-line basis over the lease term as an expense through the income statement. However, for finance leases, lessees are required to list leased items as an asset in their financial statements along with a related obligation for future payments to the lessor. It means it is not allowed to leave the leased asset and lease obligation out of the balance sheet.Finance leases must be capitalized in the lessee’s accounts. Take General Electric Company for example. As a lessee in operating leases, GE recognizes the lease payment as an expense on a straight-line basis ove r the lease term. Their rental expense under operating leases is shown as following. Cited from GE Annual report 2011 At December 31, 2011, minimum rental under operating leases for GE and GECS aggregated $2,387 million and$2,119 million, respectively. Amounts payable in the next five years follow. Cited from GE Annual report 2011As a lessor in operating leases, it presents these assets in statements of financial position according to the nature of the asset. The depreciation policy for leased assets is consistent with GE’s normal depreciation policy for similar assets. Lease revenue from operating leases is recognised in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. GECS revenues from equipment leased to others were $11,343 million in 2011 and$11,116 million in 2010. As IAS 17 requires, under finance leases, GECS recognize assets in balance sheet and present them as financing receivables at an amount equal to the net investment in lease.Its investment in finance lease s includes direct financing and leveraged leases of aircraft, railroad rolling stock, transportation equipment, medical equipment, commercial real estate, commercial equipment and facilities, etc. Net investment in financing leases is following: Cited from GE Annual report 2011 According to IAS 17, many large companied such as GE have to convert their operating leases to finance leases. Such a conversion results in increasing on both current liabilities and total liabilities.These increases might have significant implication for financial analysis. Development of IAS 17 and its underlying rationale The growth in the leasing industry became massive in 1970s, which means leasing had been a significant economic resource. However, accompanied with the growth in off balance sheet financing, leasing in popularity led to a problem that companies’ financial statements were seemed to be distorted by the accounting treatment of leasing transaction. Thus, they did not show a true and fa ir view about their business activities by financial reports.Like many other standards, urgent action was needed as there was no uniformity in treating and disclosing the lease transactions to prevent manipulated accounting message occurring. IAS 17 proved to be very controversial accounting standards. Time witnessed the extent of the controversy. Originally, IAS 17 was published in September 1982 by the IASC and revised in December 1997. In December 2003, it was revised again and issued by the IASB. In April 2009, an amendment about the classification if land leases as a part of the Annual Improvements to IFRSs as made to IAS. Then the revised IAS 17 remains effect to now. The ASC in the UK expressed a concern that the standard might lead to undesirable economic consequences by reducing the quantity of leasing and that the lessee firm’s gearing might be affected disadvantageously by the inclusion of the lease responsibility. Nevertheless, â€Å"in the event, the commercial reasons for leasing and the capacity of the leasing industry to structure lease agreements to circumvent the standard prevented a reduction in lease activity.Evidence of lessors varying the term of the lease agreements to ensure that they remained off balance sheet is supported by Cranfield and by Abdel-Khalik et al. †(2008, Elliott, B. and Elliott, J. ) In current IAS 17, the leased items that substantially transferred the risks and reward to the lessee should be reported in the financial statements. The standard requires finance leases to be capitalized. The asset and liability should be brought onto the statement of financial position. Criticisms of IAS 17Unfortunately, there are strong criticisms raised in relation to the existing IAS 17S by securities regulators, professional accountants and other interested parties. The main criticisms focus on the failure of the existing accounting model to meet the needs of financial analysis for users of financial statement. Commonly, investors and other users of financial statements believe operating leases produce assets and liabilities so they routinely adjust the recognized amounts to recognize the assets and liabilities so as to make comment the effect of lease contracts in profit or loss.However, there are deficiencies in the information on leasing accounting in the current IAS 17. It cannot provide a complete picture of a company’s leasing activities and is difficult to compare entities each other. Equally importantly, existing IAS 17 could provide opportunities to structure leasing transactions whereby lease contracts can be built in a particular way in order to achieve a particular lease classification and lead to a particular outcome. For instance, a lease contract could be fabricated in such a way that it is not in accord with any bright-line indicators of IAS 17.Consequently, it is classified as an operating lease in order to obtain an economic source of unrecognized financing and thereby achi eves a particular capital structure. Moreover, the two different accounting models for leases might lead to very different accounting treatment for similar transactions. This also reduces comparability for users of financial statements. Some critics of IAS 17 have pointed out another problem that the existing accounting model is conceptually deficient. IAS 17 only identifies as liabilities obligations due under finance leases, not those under operating leases.Specifically, arriving at a lease contract, the lessee obtains the right to use the leased equipment, which fulfills the board’s definition of an asset. Similarly, the obligation of the lessee to pay rentals also meets the definition of a liability. However, the right and obligation are not recognized if we identify the lease as an operating lease. In addition, accounting model for leases growingly differs from other contractual arrangements, which gives rise to inconsistent accounting between lease arrangements and simi lar arrangements that are not defined as lease arrangements.Besides, managers and auditors have complained about complexity of the existing accounting model. Especially, it is difficult to define a distinction line between finance leases and operating leases in theoretical way. As a result, the standards employ bright-line tests and a mixture of subjective judgment, which is hard to implement. Future of IAS 17——Draft ED/2010/09 In March 2009, a joint discussion paper on leases issued by the IASB and the FASB. The objective of this project is to correct and improve those deficiencies in IAS 17.On 17 August 2010, the exposure draft, Draft ED/2010/09, was published to set out a proposal for a new IFRS on leases. There are more than seven hundred comment letters received on it. A re-exposure is expected in the second quarter in 2012. The board plan to issue the new standard after 1 January 2013. The ED would correct the apparent weaknesses in the current standard and the p roposal would lead to a significant improvement. The distinction between finance leases and operating leases would be eliminated. It would set out new accounting methods on leasing for both lessees and lessors.Within the scope of the proposal, lessees would be no longer permitted to treat leasing as off-balance sheet financing in the right-of-use model but would be reflected as assets and liabilities, regardless of the form structure, if they meet the definitions in the Conceptual Framework. Furthermore, ED/2010/6 would help to show a more accurate measure of a company’s gearing or capital structure and enhance the comparability characteristic of financial reports. However, new issues emerge that need further consideration. For the proposed revenue standards, further clarification is needed on the â€Å"continuous transfer of control† criterion.The proposal might give rise to diverse explanation for certain types of contracts. Secondly, although the lessons’ acc ounting in proposal is conceptually sound, the lessors’ accounting lacks theoretical virtue. Employing a hybrid model is contrary to the single right-of-use model. The performance obligation method recognizes the underlying assets, lease receivables and two income streams, interest income and lease income as well. It is conceptually weak because, in reality, there is only one underlying asset and one income stream from lease payments.Although this approach brings about significant economic benefits, side-effect could also occur when testing impairment of underlying assets and lease receivables. Turning to derecognition approach, although it more closely consists with the single right-of-use model and has more theoretical merits, its new concept of residual asset requires further deliberation. For instance, whether it meets the definition of an asset? If it is so, is it a tangible asset or an intangible asset? Conclusion Although the current IAS 17 encountered many comments, t he joint leases roject is still under development and the explained provisions are not final. There is no doubt that the proposed new leasing standard provides a more accurate representation of the economic transaction in the leasing field. The users of financial statements will make better decision with more complete information. But to some extent, it is more onerous than the existing accounting rules so that probably, some small entities daunt their progress faced with the increasing complexity rules and investors will have to calculate by themselves on the implications of this new information.So IAS  17 still works. Hopefully, the final standard is expected to be issued later in 2012 and to become effective in late 2013 or early 2014. In short, it cannot be disputed that it is crucial for anyone to clearly understand the new standard that is keen to interpret financial statements accurately.Reference [1] Billenness, L. (2010), ‘The Future of Lessee Accounting: Everything You Wish You Never Had to Know About the New Lease Accounting Standards’, EMEA ViewPiont, December 2010 [2] Byrnes, N. 2006), ‘You May Be Liable for That Lease: FASB’s Review of Lease Accounting Standards Could Really Hammer Retailers’, Business Week, June 5 2006 [3] Deloitte’s IFRS Global Office, (2010), ‘IFRS in Focus——IASB issues Exposure Draft on Lease Accounting’, [Online] Available at: http://www. iasplus. com/en/publications/ifrs-in-focus/2010/ifrs-in-focus-2014-iasb-issues-exposure-daft-on-lease-accounting-august-2010/file [Accessed 4 April 2012] [4] Elliott, B. and Elliott, J. (2008), ‘Financial Accounting and Reporting’, 12th edition, London: Pearson Education Limited, pp433-448 [5] Grossman, A.M. and Grossman, S. D. (2010), ‘Capitalizing Lease Payments: Potential Effects of the FASB/IASB Plan’, CPA Journal, May 2010 [6] IASB (2010), ‘Snapshot: Leases’, [Online] Available a t: http://www. ifrs. org/NR/rdonlyres/FBE30248-225B-48AF-AAE5-96494D83A978/0/LeasesSnapShot0810. pdf [Accessed 16 April 2012] [7] IASC Foundation staff, ‘Technical Summary: IAS 17 Leases’, [Online] Available at:http://www. iasb. org/NR/rdonlyres/B8ABE9AA-8F5B-4301-866E-ED2D423504E7/0/ias17sum. pdf [Accessed 4 April 2012] [8] IAS 17 [Online] Available at:

Discounting & Augmentation Principle

We use attribution in a regular basis, whenever we are asked to give the cause of a behavior or decision we make us of attribution. Attribution refers to the act of assigning or attributing a certain cause to an achievement or accomplishment (Feick & Rhodewalt, 1997). Such that when we are asked to comment on how we were able to ace the exam, we might attribute it to our personal efforts and abilities or to mere luck.The principles of discounting and augmentation refer to the manner in which we use attribution. Discounting occurs when we try to discount personal ability in favor of external factors, like when we say that the exam was easy when half of the class got a hundred percent correct score. In this example, we discount personal abilities and augment the effect of environmental factors which is the level of difficulty of the test.On the other hand, when one or two students had perfect scores in the test, then we would be quick to point out that the said students are really good in class which reflects the augmentation principle; we augment the personal abilities of the students. If someone was to comment that the exam was easy, then we would discount the argument based on the fact that only a few students had perfect scores in the test. Discounting and augmentation is said to be dependent on the circumstances in which the behavior or judgment occurs (Feick & Rhodewalt, 1997).For example, when a child fights with another child, he/she may attribute the fight to the other child’s behavior which is augmenting the personal characteristics of the other child. On the other hand, the child rarely says that the fight was brought about by environmental factors like the weather, peer pressure or the child’s own decision to fight which also reflects the discounting principle. Therefore, it would be safe to assume that discounting and augmentation occurs in tandem.

Health Care Reform Plans Essay Example

Health Care Reform Plans Essay Example Health Care Reform Plans Paper Health Care Reform Plans Paper The United States of America health care system is in dear need of a proper health care reform plan that can address the current health needs of Americans. As at now many Americans know from grim, personal experiences which have been manifested as challenges regarding the health care system in America is concerned. In this year’s presidential ambition, Barrack Obama is offering the prospects of enabling change and reform of the American health care system. (Hudson, 2000). The genesis of Barrack’s healthcare reform plan The United States of America which is one of the most wealth nations in the world is expected to offer its citizens the best among all the nations, one of the most outstanding healthcare services in the world. This however is not true about the real scenario which Americans are currently experiencing. The quality of healthcare services in America are still lagging behind amongst the counterpart developed nations of the world. Currently every American acknowledges the gap that is there in healthcare quality service rendering in the U.S.A., Both the presidential aspirants acknowledges the seriousness of the matter and have committed themselves towards rectifying the current problem in health care delivery. There arte problems in the healthcare system of the U.S.A and these problems have also been affecting various sectors of development. Barrack was driven by the situational analysis of the current prevailing status of the health care system and he managed to come up with a precise healthcare reform plan which realized a problem in the health insurance coverage. There are almost 45 million healthcare uninsured Americans and there is dear need of the expansion of the existing private and public programs. Goals of the Barrack’s Health care Plan The plan aims at provision of affordable, accessible and quality health care for all Americans, strengthened on the accessible health care system, and uses existing doctors and plans to execute the plan. The barracks health care reform plan opts to bring together the players in the health insurance sector. The plan is formulated to offer federal subsidies and mandates in the healthcare insurance covers. Barrack’s most outstanding reform in this plan will be the regulation of the federal exchange where all Americans currently not under health cover at work. The workers would be able to would be able to choose from the numerous health care insurance. The public health insurers according to this plan will also be capable of competing with the private healthcare  insurers (Philemon, 2007). The plan also venture in finding out ways of coming up with various means of addressing the poor quality in health care services, how to lower the healthcare costs in the long run. Some of the suggested ways of achieving this has been put forward as maximizing on the reliance of the electronic medical records and enhanced care of the terminally ill. The barrack’s healthcare reform plan also has various arrays of means of making the insurance available and cost effective to all  Americans. John Edward’s healthcare reform plan was also formulated with an objective of enhancing the Support of the Local health care Infrastructure. The senator’s plan proposed that there should be a thorough refurbishment and reformation of the infrastructure that support the accessibility of health care by the Americans. Issues to do with information systems, which are aimed at improving patient safety and healthcare efficiency were to be given prior consideration towards making sure that this situation prevailed. Some of the things proposed in the Edward’s health care reform plan were initiating an automated health care dispensers that could quickly dispense drugs, having the pharmacists work one on one with the patients in order to reduce the associated risks which are currently experienced as a result of prescription errors. Financing the plan The Barrack’s healthcare reform plan has prospects of disbursing approximately fifty to sixty five billion united states of American dollars to the health care exertion by gently inclining back the Bush tax cut offs for the Americans earning more than two hundred and fifty thousands dollars per annum and holding back the estate tax at its two thousands and nine level. In totaling much of the funding for the health care plan will come from investments within the health care delivery system. Benefits of the health care plan New public program would be created that would appear a lot like Medicare for those with more than 65 years of age. This plan would has been proposed for those who do not have access to an employer plan and meet the requirements for accessible government programs like Medicaid or SCHIP. The barrack’s health care reform plan will increase the amount of subsidies offered to the health insurance providers in order to increase the coverage of this providers and there affordability. Health insurance exchange which would be the governments mandate marketing institute, would sell be selling insurance plans openly to those who did not have an employer plan or public coverage. The plan will offer the provision to enable the employer no option of controlling how an American decides who should offer him or her health insurance cover. The general family health cover Mandate will be optional either through private or public health insurance plan.

Essay on Differences Across Countries the CAGE Distance Framework

Essay on Differences Across Countries the CAGE Distance Framework Essay on Differences Across Countries: the CAGE Distance Framework Essay on Differences Across Countries: the CAGE Distance FrameworkQ1. From the perspective of the CAGE framework, which country is closer to the U.S., China or India?The CAGE framework helps to assess the distance between business environments in different countries. In this framework, the following types of distance are taken into account: cultural distance, administrative distance, geographic distance and economic distance (Ghemavat, 2007). All of these distances should be considered when investing into different countries.In the case of China and India, both countries have aspects in which they are closer to the U.S. and aspects in which they are significantly different from the U.S. It is possible to state that China is more attractive than India for U.S. investors and businessmen on economic and geographic grounds, but India is more attractive on administrative and cultural grounds (Ghemavat, 2007).Therefore, the difference between China/India and the U.S. is determined not only by the types of distances and factors influencing them but also by the priority of distance. The answer to the question which country is closer to the U.S. depends on the nature of the industry and the specifics of the industry. For industries in which geographic and economic grounds are most important (e.g. manufacturing or distribution of perishable products) China is closed to the U.S. compared to India (i.e. is more attractive for investment). However, for industries with high administrative or cultural sensitivity such as outsourcing software development and customer support services India is closer to the U.S. compared to China.Q2. What (other) uses might the CAGE framework be put to?Besides assessing investment opportunities and industry attractiveness, CAGE framework can also be applied for other business purposes. It is possible to use this framework to resolve operating conflicts between different parts of MNCs located in different areas. Furthermore, CAGE can be used to evaluate the liability of foreigners and the position of foreigners in the business sphere of a chosen country (Gandelini, Pezzi Venanzi, 2013).It is efficient to apply CAGE to comparing international expansion opportunities and markets. CAGE can serve as the basis for comparing foreign competitors of the chosen industry (Ghemavat, 2007). This framework can provide information for choosing the mode of international expansion into a particular country (Gandelini, Pezzi Venanzi, 2013) and for introducing adjustments for distances between countries.

How to Publish a Book in 2019 A Step-by-Step Guide for First-Timers

How to Publish a Book in 2019 A Step-by-Step Guide for First-Timers How to Publish a Book in 2019: A Step-by-Step Guide for First-Timers Historically, if you wanted to know how to publish a book, you needed an agent to get a traditional publisher to look at your manuscript.In fact, many publishing companies won’t even open a manuscript if it doesn’t come through an agentWhich makes learning how to publish a book way more difficult. Not to mention the fact that going through all that work to just land an agent isnt necessary if you want to publish a book.What’s worse is even if they do open it, it’s still unlikely that your book will be published and sold in bookstores!*Cue the groans and grumbles of irritation*So is there a better method? Yes! Its called self-publishing.Heres how to publish a book step-by-step:Decide Why You Want to Publish a BookWrite Your BookGet Feedback Before Publishing Your BookChoose a Book TitleHire a Great Book EditorDesign a Book Cover that ConvertsCreate Your Kindle Direct Publishing AccountFormat and Upload your BookSelf-Publish Your BookPrice Your BookForm a La unch TeamMaximize Book Launch ExposureCelebrate Publishing a Book!In fact, there is another way for your book to not only be published, but to even become a bestseller! This method has led to the success of many authors and is changing the book and traditional publishing industry.NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereWhat is Self-Publishing?Self-publishing is the act of independently publishing your book on a platform like Amazon without the need of a traditional publishing house. Personally speaking, Ive self-published 6 bestselling non-fiction books on Amazon, sold tens of thousands of copies, and continue to collect thousands per month in royalty checks.The success of my books has been directly responsible for the strong performance of my business, which has grown to over 7 figures in less than 2 years.Self-publishing a book is done with these steps :Write a book youre proud ofDecide which self-publishing platform to useGet your book edited, a cover designed, and it formattedUpload your manuscript and accompanying assetsHit Publish when youre readYour book is self-published! Its really that easy.Five years ago, in order to achieve this level of publishing success, you would have needed to be extremely lucky to even land an agent who would attempt to find you a deal at one of the Big 5 publishing houses.This is no longer the case. Not only do you no longer need one of the â€Å"Big 5† companies to publish your book, now self-published authors are actively turning down offers from publishing companies!So If you are trying to publish your book and are having no luck landing a publisher, self-publishing could be the best option for you.Better yet, making the decision to learn how to navigate the self-publishing world the right away can save you countless wasted hours.Whether you want to do it yourself or work with one of the many self-publishing companies out there, we can help.Whats the Difference Between Self-Publishing and Traditional Publishing?Its easy to look at these two publishing routes and get confused. Why would someone self-publish when there are companies dedicated to doing it for you? There are actually many reasons.What is the difference between self-publishing vs traditional publishing?Self-publishing is a completely independent route with no barriers to entry whereas traditional publishing involves the acts of querying, landing an agent, and getting approved by a publishing house. Check out the video above for more details on choosing self-publishing or traditional publishing.Heres a chart detailing what you receive through self-publishing versus traditional publishing.What You GetSelf-PublishingTraditional PublishingSole control of your book's outcomeâÅ"“XSole control of your book's rightsâÅ"“XControl over the storyâÅ"“XControl over the coverâÅ"“X100% of royaltiesâÅ"“XE diting includedXâÅ"“Cover designXâÅ"“MarketingXXDeadlinesXâÅ"“How Much Does it Cost to Publish a Book?Pricing to publish a book varies greatly depending on its length, production costs, and the retail price you set.That being said, its important to be prepared when it comes to how much youll actually pay to self-publish a book.There are a number of factors that contribute to how much it costs to self-publish a book:The length of your book (this impacts printing costs)Getting your book editedThe book cover designAny promotional ads/materials you want to utilizeAnother surprising, lesser-known cost I cover in the video below How to Publish a Book in 2019So many writers get overwhelmed with the abundance of information about the self-publishing process, what itll cost, how to do it right, how to come up with a good book idea, and more.I’ve created a step-by-step comprehensive self-publishing guide that will walk you through the beginning steps of how to write your book all the way to how to self-publish it on Amazon’s Kindle (KDP) Network. Let’sget started soyou can get started!Do you have what it takes to become a published author?Click Here to Take the Quiz#1 Decide Why You Want to Learn How to Publish a BookWhat you need to decide firstwhen self-publishing a book, is WHY you want to write a book.I encourage going through this brainstorming process as it’s the only way to ensure that you’re 100% committed to writing a book(and youre doing it for the right reasons).Here are some questions for you to decide why you want to publish a book:Are you an entrepreneur or freelancer with a new business trying to get a leg up on your competitionby publishing a book?Do you want to leverage your skills and knowledge to become a paid speaker or coach?Do you have a well-established business and you want to write a book to diversify your income streams and land speaking engagements?Or do you already have a successful story, and want to build an asset that will share the knowledge and skills you’ve gained over decades of experience?Do you have a larger number of book ideas or prompts you need to start writing?Action Plan: Come up with at least 10 valid reasons why you want to write a book. Use the questions above as a starting guide to brainstorm.#2 Write Your BookIf you’ve ever tried to start writing a book, you might have had moments where you’ve stared at a blank page for hours with nothing to show for it. Feeling frustrated, you resort to procrastinating and get nothing done!This is normal, writing a book is hard work.In fact, coming up with a book idea in general can be very tricky. But in order to start writing your book, you must develop a writing process.Here’s are some effective ways to write a book worth self-publishing: Buy a calendar.The best way to have your book complete is to have a calendar that schedules your goals per day/week.Create an outline. An outline is like a map of your book that provides direction to your story. It keeps you on track and ensures that your ideas are organized.Develop a writing habit. Condition yourself to write at the same time every day. With this practice, it will soon become a habit that will make writing a book automatic.Get an accountability partner. You can hold each other accountable to write and finish your by your draft done date.Build your writing environment. Yes, this can be a blanket for if you choose to use build literally or you can simply find an area where your head is clear, there are no distractions, and where you can write in peace.To learn more tips on how to write faster, here’s a tutorial video of the simple process I use to write over 1500 words per hour: Action Plan: Create a resistance plan! Figure out which methods best filter out the negative noise to get you into the writing process.#3 Get Feedback on Your Book Before PublishingWhen writing your book, it’s important to get as much feedback as early in the process as possible.Its essential to get this feedback in order to improve your writing. Everything from creative writing to factual, non-fiction works needs feedback in order to produce a polished publication.As writers, it’s all too easy to retreat into your cave for a long period of time, spend countless hours writing what you think is the perfect first draft, only to find that a) your draft doesn’t make sense to anyone else or b) no one else is as interested in the topic as you originally thought.Writing tips can come from anywhere and the best usually come from those reading your book for the first time.Not only can a fresh set of eyes on your book help you catch typos and grammatical errors, but a new perspective can give you ideas for tightening up your story and making the theme more clear,likeintheexamplebelow.Giving your book to one (or more) â€Å"beta readers† before giving itto an editor and self-publishing can also cut down on the time and cost of paying a professional editor.You can also use a beneficial piece of writing software like Grammarly or the Hemingway Editor so you can learn as you write!Action Plan: Reach out to a few friends who could provide good (preferably unbiased) feedback, and ask them if theyll be willing to read a chapter or two (or the whole book!) as you finish writing#4 Choose a Book TitleContrary to popular belief, you should never decide on a book title until after you are done writing your first draft. This is because choosing a book title first often results in you â€Å"writing yourself into a corner† because you’re trying so hard to align your story to the title of the book instead of writing what needs to be written.Don’t make this more complicated than it needs to be. The key to choosing a perfect title is: the simpler the title, the better.As you’re brainstorming ideas, always remember to keep it simple.Your title should also be cle ar on what your readers will receive by reading your book. This is because experts state that a clear promise or a guarantee of results will further intrigue your readers.Here are some questions to consider when creating your memorable book title:Is your title going to teach a high demand skill?Can your title impact someone’s life?Can your book solve a very difficult problem?Is it short enough to read in a thumbnail image on Amazon?Does it elicit an emotional response?Action Plan: Once you’ve narrowed down your book titles, send out an email to your friends and family or put a poll up to your audience asking what title they’d prefer. You could also ask a community of other authorswhat they think.#5 Hire a Great Book EditorHiring a great book editor can mean the difference between becoming a bestselling author, or self-publishing a mediocre book. Therefore, it’s important to take as much time as necessary during this stage of the process.To find an editor for your book, begin with your personal network.Do you personally know any qualified editors? Start there. If you don’t, then do you know someone who knows an editor? If you don’t have any luck finding an editor within your personal network, don’t worry!Depending on your budget, you can either hire a professional book editoror hire a more budget-friendly editor from Upwork. But be careful and always check references and portfolios of work.As a Self-Publishing School student, we will also provide you with a Rolodex of approved and vetted book editors who all do a great job,asyoucanseeintheexamplebelow.No matter how you find your editor, make sure you’re a good fit before committing to the full book by paying them a small sum ($25 or so) to edit a few pages or a chapter of your book.Make sure the editor is interested in the subject matter, that they can get your whole book edited in 3.5 weeks or less including back-and-forth revisions, and that their edits are both accurate and make sense to you.If you don’t feel you’re a good fit following a sample edit, then let that $25 go and find an editor who’s going to work out rather than sinking more money into a relationship that might be a mistake.Whatever you do, don’t give upduring the editorial process! If one editor isn’t working out for you or meeting your needs, find another.Action Plan: Find a friend or professional editor who can make sure your book is error-free, and start working with them sooner rather than later!#6 Design a Book Cover that ConvertsWhen it comes to self-publishing, a high-quality book cover is one of the most important elements that will get your book to convert into sales!The reason is that your book cover design is what readers see first and will immediately determine whether they want to read your book or not.Dont judge a book by its cover simply doesnt apply toactual book covers, as much as we wish it did.The hard truth is thateveryone judges a book by its cover whether they realize it or not.So you must make sure that it is created professionally and that it will stand apart from the rest of the books in your genre or category.What makes a good book cover?Simplistic styling. Too much going on will make readers unable to figure out what your book is about. Keep the cover minimalistic and it will convert more readers.Professionally designed. Book cover designers know how to create book covers that convert. They have industry knowledge and have studied what works and what doesnt.Clear title and subtitle. The title on your cover does matter. The easier it is to read, the better. This allows your readers to clearly see what your book is about as they scroll through Amazon or other book retailers.A design style that fits your intended audience. If youre writing a faith-based book intended for an audience of faith, having an overly dark, devilish cover doesnt make sense.You can find amazing book cover desi gners on freelancing sites such as:99 DesignsHappy Self Publishing100 CoversFiverrUpworkPrices will vary depending on what type of service you want, but the end result will be well worth the spend. Action Plan:Find a book designer with any of these sites and your book will stand apart from the rest of its competition!#7 Create Your Kindle Direct Self-Publishing Account Amazon has a self-publishing service called Kindle Direct Publishingwhere you can create and manage your Kindle eBook, paperback, and audio books.Amazon has recently acquired the well-known book printing company CreateSpace and theyre now merged as one.This means you can now offer print books to your audience. It’s the best way to learn how to publish a book and start selling quickly, and I’ve used it for all my self-published books.I highly recommend it for all new self-publishers!Heres how to set up your KDP account on Amazon:Visit https://kdp.amazon.comand create an account with either your existing Amazon account or your email address.Next, you must complete your tax information. You will not be able to submit your published book if you do not complete this step.Once your tax information is complete, hit â€Å"Finished† and your account is complete!Action Plan:Follow these steps to create your KDP account! With this platform, you can figure out how to publish your book within minutes and soon have it appear worldwide!#8 Format Your Self-Published BookIf you’re on a budget, there are plenty of resources online that can tell you how to format your book yourself for free. You can start by looking at Amazon Kindle Direct Publishing forums where there are plenty of discussions on book formatting.You can also use KDPs free resources to help format your book. Formatting can be a frustrating experience for the uninitiated though, so if you have a few bucks to spare, you might consider paying someone to help you.Also keep in mind that formatting will look different for f iction versus nonfiction books.Typically, nonfiction books dont have an indent between paragraphs but instead, they have spaces whereas fiction books are indented with each new paragraph.Below are formatting examples from Jenna Morecis The Saviors Champion and my book, Published.If you want to pay for formatting, Liber Writeris a low-cost, effective option for converting a Microsoft Word file to Amazon’s Kindle format. If $60 is too much, you can also find people on Fiverr to format your book for Kindle.Just be sure you hire someone who knows how to format your specific book genre.Action Plan:Make sure your book is formatted properly by using the free online resource above or hiring someone who can handle the formatting process for you.#9 Self-Publish Your BookWhen you feel confident your book is ready for the public, you can create a KDP account and upload your book.This is how to upload your book on KDP:On the KDP mainpage, locate and click on â€Å"Your Bookshelf†. Locate and click on â€Å"Kindle eBook Actions†.Then, locate and click on â€Å"Edit eBook Content†.Finally, click on â€Å"Upload eBookManuscript†, and upload your manuscript file from your computer.Amazon also allows you to select 7 keywords or keyword phrases to make sure your intended audience can find your book when searching on Amazon.It’s highly recommended you also select two different categories on Amazon your book might fit into so you can reach a broader audience.To select keywords and categories, look at other best-selling books in your niche and notice what keywords and categories those authors chose. Once Amazon finishes uploading your file, a confirmation message will be sent and you can preview the uploaded file to check for any errors. Create your Amazon author central accountafter uploading your book.Include a bio, photo, and link to your website or blog to help you stand out among authors. After a few more steps, you’ll be ready to publish your book, at which time you’ll click â€Å"save publish† in your KDP book dashboard.Afterward, you should be ready to publish your book! Just click â€Å"save publish† in the book editing screen!Action Plan:Follow these steps to upload your book. You are allowed to upload your manuscript as many times as you want with each upload overriding the previous.#10 Price Your BookOne of the most important decisions when it comes to self-publishing a book is how to price it. The most common question I get from newwriters is, â€Å"How much should my book cost?†To answer this,my general rule of thumb is to have your book priced is between $2.99 to $5.99. To be more specific, when beginning a launch, I would begin by pricing the book at $0.99 for the launch period.Then I would set the price to 2.99, and I would moderately increase the price by $1 every week and measure how well the new price performs. Once you see a sales dip, that will determine the exact price of your book that will guarantee book sales.Action Plan:Find the perfect price by using this strategy that will attract your readers and best drive long-term success.#11 Form a Launch TeamYour launch team is the group of people who are dedicated to helpingmake your book successful.They should be a passionate group of individuals who are eager to make your book launch successful. Remember, one highly skilled team member is better than a group of mediocre ones!Heres a video detailing how to use a launch team effectively: To find quality candidates, here’s a questionnaire you can use to assess applicants and see if they’re qualified to market your book:Why do you want to support my book?What goals are you trying to reach with this project?How would you market this book?Which influencers would you reach out to and why?Do you have a genuine interest in my book and its genre?Action Plan:Create an application with questions that align with your thought process. T ry to be open-minded with those who think outside the box they may be the perfect candidates that can get your book to become a bestseller.#12 Maximize Book Launch Exposure with ReviewsIts not enough to learn how to publish a book and be done with it. You still have to take action even after your official launch.As soon as your book goes live on Amazon, be sure to leverageyour launch team and your audience to help you market your book! It may be odd to ask your fans for help, but your fans are thereto support your project and want to see you succeed.You might be surprised how willing they’ll be to help you if you just ask!Here are some marketing initiatives you can assign your team and audience to do:Share content from your book as blog posts across social mediaSubmit reviews on Amazon(ensuring they dont make the mistakes in the video below)Help build your book’s websiteReach out to influencers for a future guest post or podcast featureShare a book review on their Yo uTube channelBuy extra copies to gift their friendsThe additional exposure generated from your launch team and audience will help push your book up Amazon’s rankings, which will drive more sales! Action Plan:Create your book marketing launch plan using these methods. Measure each of these methods to see which will best get your book in the hands of new readers and convert into sales.#13 Celebrate Learning How to Self-Publish a Book!Publishing after writing a book is just the beginning. Depending on your goals for your book, self-publishing can get you more customers, free publicity, and establish you as an expert in your niche.This can help you land speaking gigs and build a business within your area of expertise.Your book sales can also help fund your lifestyle with passive income.Dream big about what you want your book to do for you. When you have a vision for where you want your book to take you, it will be easier to take advantage of opportunities as they arise.Getting c lear on what you want will also help you to be more effective when expanding your network along on your journey.What to do NextNow that youve learned how to publish a book, its time to take action and bring yourself one step closer to your goals and dreams. Here are a few actionable steps you can takeright now!#1 Learn more! If self-publishing a bestseller is something you want to do, and you’re serious about changing your life and your business for the better by getting your book out there in the world, then you need to focus on learning more about the process.Because without having the knowledge, moving toward success isvery difficult but thats where we come in!

The Sleaze Factor during the 1988 Presidential Campaign Term Paper

The Sleaze Factor during the 1988 Presidential Campaign - Term Paper Example In the 1984 presidential elections, the democrats had nominated Walter Mondale to lead them in the presidential race; he however failed to be elected. The democrats therefore devised new ways, which would help them win the next election. The democrats won back the senate after president Reagan was mentioned in involvement in Iran-contra, their hopes raised that they would win presidency (Kathleen). The party leaders recruited Mario Cuomo who chose not to run for the presidency. Gary Hart the Colorado senator had shown some interest in presidency, however questions concerning extramarital affairs arose and, this tarnished his name in the campaign. The media termed him as a reputed adulterer and wife beater. He however did not give up on his campaigns. Joe Biden was also part of the race in 1988 presidential elections but Neil Kinnock accused him of using his speech illegally with only slight alterations. This led him to withdraw from the presidential pursuit. Bush was tied to scandals from the Reagan administration, which included the Iran-contra; the Dukakis camp had attacked them (Lafeber 268). Governor Dukakis was criticized that he was uninformed on matters pertaining to the military. This move devastated his public relations; Bush used this to damage his campaigns and explained that he would not make a good commander-in-chief. Republican Willie Horton attacked Dukakis that he had failed to clean up the pollution on the harbor (Lafeber 269). Rumours also spread in the media that Dukakis wife had burned the American flag to protest against Vietnam War. 1.1 Impacts of the Sleaze Factor and the Role Played By Media The first man nominated by the democrats for the presidential race did not have the qualities to suit him to be in the Whitehouse. Many mocked him that his qualities would only make a Babylonian priest and not a president. American presidential elections have always relied on the use of patriotism the republicans had appealed that Michael Dukakis was not liberal and did not consider patriotism as an important factor. Al gore campaigned as a presidential aspirant as a democratic candidate in 1988, however, he did not succeed. He was highly criticized for attacking fellow politicians, Jackson and Dukakis. These accusations brought about political scandals, which damaged the reputations of the presidential candidates. Each candidate had a nasty thing to say about the others; this however, did no help them to win. It actually confused the voters who had a task in selecting the person who would represent them as their president. George bush however won the elections despite the fact that he was accused of being associated with the Iran-Contra affair. The media played a great role in the in the investigative reporting of dishonesty and scandals facing the presidential candidates. They act as public watchdogs representing the public interest. The 1988 presidential campaigns used media to tarnish each other’s names. The media te nds to focus so much on negative campaigning rather than positivity. Most of the politicians used attack advertisements as their political strategies; they were so prevalent that it was termed as the year of negativity. 1.2 Sleaze as a Form of Campaign

Fossil Group, Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fossil Group, Inc - Essay Example These include brands such as Superman, Elvis Presley, Snoopy, Wonder Woman, Chronicles of Narnia, The Matrix and Star Wars. This paper outlines the inventory policies and items that Fossil Group Inc. adopts in their operations and offers in the market respectively. Apart from selling products directly to consumers through commercial websites and retail stores, Fossil owns a global distribution network that includes wholesale outlets in countries where the company has a physical presence. In countries that it does not have a physical presence, the company maintains third-party networks that facilitate the marketing and distribution of its products. Fossils’ inventory policy is primarily based on the average cost of production, which includes related freight charges and applicable duty. Inventory that is unmarketable or obsolete is determined by the difference between market value estimates and the approximate costs of inventory. Such estimates are based on assumptions regarding future demand, available channels for liquidation and prevailing market conditions. Additional reductions in inventory are thereby inevitable in the event that market conditions and future product demand are regarded by management to be less favorable than what had been projected. Reductions in inventory are also inevitable if the management determines that channels for liquidation are insufficient. The company’s success in inventory management is hence largely attributed to continuous assessment of off-price sales and regular updates of inventory estimates. Revenue from sales of products likely to be subjected to agreements in inventory consignment is often determined at the point where title and risk of loss has been transferred, products have successfully been delivered, buying price at the end of the chain can easily be determined, and there is reasonable assurance in collectability of the product. In the event that inventory is

Mitochondria, Chromosome, and Plant Structures Assignment

Mitochondria, Chromosome, and Plant Structures - Assignment Example The outer membrane can fuse with Endoplasmic Reticulum to form Mitochondria associated ER- membrane that helps in calcium signaling and lipid transfer. b) The intermembrane space is the region between the outer membrane and the inner membrane. Due to the permeability, of the outer membrane, the concentration of sugars and ions in the intermembrane space should be similar to that of the cytosol (Stansfield 89). The main function of this compartment is oxidative phosphorylation. c) The inner membrane contains a lot of proteins that perform different function. It has a very high protein to phospholipid ratio of 3:1. The proteins in this compartment include ATP synthase that produces ATP in the matrix, transport proteins that control the passage of metabolites in and out of the matrix and those that are involved in oxidative phosphorylation. d) The cristae are numerous compartments in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is studded with enzymes such as ATPsynthase and cytochromes (Stansfield 92). Their function is to expand the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane to facilitate for better production of ATP. e) The matrix is a component of the mitochondria that is enclosed by the inner membrane. It contains most of protein in a mitochondrion. This compartment is important in the generation of ATP. There are numerous enzymes, mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial ribosomes contain in the matrix. 2) Chromosomes are well arranged structures of DNA and protein found in the cells of most living organisms. During the life of a cell, chromosomes elongate and are easily visible under a microscope. Before a cell divides through mitosis, each chromosome duplicates during the S phase of cell cycle. a) On the onset of mitosis, the duplicate chromosomes condense into short structures called dyads. The chromatids condense to about 5 Um in the metaphase. The chromosomes assemble on the metaphase plate that is equidistant to the poles (Stansfield

Argument for Euthanasia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Argument for Euthanasia - Essay Example Sometimes euthanasia refers to assisted suicide owing to the fact that a physician has to be involved in the act. I seek to defend the rule and existence of euthanasia in the contemporary society with much consideration of the impact that pain results to individuals. It is true that euthanasia relieves a patient from suffering prolonged pain especially due to diseases that are not easily treated. Euthanasia should be endorsed at all costs because it leads to easy death without necessarily letting an individual patient undergo long-term suffering occasioned by terminal disease. The proponents of euthanasia in the views of Soifer claim that the values of life encompass self- determination, which allows individuals, make proper decision in accordance with how they perceive good life (13). Individual patients have the rights of accepting to be under life sustaining technology or left to die. One is supposed to decide by oneself the nature of death he/she deems better as a way of alleviat ing suffering. In addition, ethics allow the family of the patient to call for euthanasia when it realizes that the victim may survive even after receiving series of treatment (Soifer 12). This may be viable especially in the conditions where the patient has become burden to the family in terms of medical care bills while posing no signs of improvement. The two modalities of assisted euthanasia should be applied depending on the circumstance that requires provision of assisted death to an ailing patient. The families of the patients suffering from terminal pains should always be allowed to opt for passive involuntary euthanasia to be carried on the patient. Considering the fact the family members of the patient are the ones who cater for medical of the patient, they should always be allowed to make decisions for doctors to overdose the patients or disconnect the patient from the sustaining machines. Practicing euthanasia on persons perceived to have little or no probability of survi ving should be approved for the act save governments and individual intimates of the patient some amount of money and revenue that can otherwise be enhanced in developing other sectors if economy. Endorsing euthanasia will mean increased death rates in an economy, which may lead balanced distribution of resources in an economy thereby stabilizing and strengthening the specific economy. Active voluntary euthanasia proclaimed by the individual patient under proper mental consciences. Active euthanasia bears great elements of self-rights and self-decision concerning the manner in which an individual plan to conduct his/ her life. In addition, every individual has expanse right to die and should not be deterred from deciding death if his/her decision to die does not pose negative effects to other people. It is explicitly wrong to let an ailing patient continue to suffer over a disease that has no possible cure at the time that he/she has expressed willingness to die. With the growing po pulation of ill people across the world to an extent that there arises immense shortage of health facilities, endorsing euthanasia will assist in evacuating the congested health facilities. When the terminally sick individuals continue to occupy beds and space, other patients who only suffer from curable diseases may lack and miss health facilities. I also stand to support the legislations formulated in Netherlands that supports practicing of voluntary euthana

The Six Principles of Painting as Applied to Works of Art Research Paper

The Six Principles of Painting as Applied to Works of Art - Research Paper Example The paper "The Six Principles of Painting as Applied to Works of Art" will discuss the six principles and highlight artworks that use each of the principles. The first principle of art that Xie described was that of spirit resonance rhythm and breath. Xie highlighted that artists who qualified gave life to their art pieces. According to Xie, a painting needed to have life so that it could have an impact on the viewer. In his view, work that did not have any spirit resonance or rhythm was useless and dead. Symbolically, Xie described a viewer seeing the art of an artist as practically taking in the artist’s breath. One of the Chinese paintings that reflect this principle is Emperor Huizong’s artwork titled Auspicious Cranes. The work was 112.5 Ãâ€" 138.2 cm in size. It belonged to the Liaoning Provincial Museum in Shenyang. Emperor Huizong was a leader of his dynasty, but who exhibited an artistic talent. Despite the need to focus on leadership issues, he found time to practice the art. In this painting, he was striving to depict a poetic idea. An inscription on the painting depicted the idea he sought to communicate. The poem described how immortal birds appeared next to clouds in an effort to announce good tidings. In the poem, he highlighted that the birds arranged themselves in twos forming a noble arrangement. The painting depicted 20 white cranes, forming a design above the sky, which appeared as though it was just above the city gates. From the poem next to the painting, it became evident that Huizong.

Why might employees be crucial to competitive success Essay

Why might employees be crucial to competitive success - Essay Example In general, competitive success of an organization has an increasing impact on individuals and the community. The problem under analysis has been widely discussed in the literature. Such gurus of management as M. Porter (1985), Tomer (1987), Storey (1989), Arthur (1994), Huselid (1995), Pfeffer (1996), Huselid and Becker (1996), Pickus and Spratt (1 997), Ichniowski, et al (1997), Patterson et al (1998), Guest (2000) etc. analysed the impact of employees performance on competitive success of a firm and interdependence between HR strategies and successful business performance. They explain why employees are crucial to competitive success and what strategies a company should implement to achieve competitive success. M. Porter, in his book "Competitive Advantage" singles out the main criteria for success. Cost leadership, high quality and innovation are the main elements of competitive success (Porter, 1985). Cost leadership advantage is based on a firm's position as the industry's low-cost producer, in broadly defined markets or across a wide mix of products. For a company managing for high quality means more than just fine-tuning production controls. High quality is used as a weapon and companies are wanting to produce products that meet customers requirement. The idea is to get products to a market with fewer defects. A high degree of rivalry usually compromises the potential profitability of an industry and typically results in innovation which stimulates consumer demand for the products of the industry. Without an adequate supply of staff and employees commitment to work, it will be difficult to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. M. Armstrong agrees with Porter saying that: "unique talents among employees, including superior performance, productivity, flexibility, innovation and the ability to deliver high levels of personal customer service, are ways in which people provide a critical ingredient in developing an organization's competitive position". (Armstrong, 2001, p. 110) Decision about the future strategy of the organization are made by people and strategies are implemented by people. The success or failure of a current strategy will depend not only on decisions made in the past but also on how those decisions are being implemented now by people employed by the organization. It is therefore important to questions about who, how and why people are doing what they are doing and what they should do to achieve competitive success. Employees' skills, knowledge, and abilities are among the most distinctive and renewable resources on which a company can draw, their strategic management is more important than ever. Increasingly, organizations are recognized that their success depends on what people know, that is, their knowledge and skills. According to this Porter's theory (1985) any organization can gain competitive advantage by developing resources, which add unique value, which can't be adopted by another company. Human capital adds value to the company and it cannot be imitated. Employees are crucial for competitive success because human capital becomes" a philosophy that appeals to managements who are striving to increase competitive advantage and appreciate that to do this they must invest in human resources as well

The Six Principles of Painting as Applied to Works of Art Research Paper

The Six Principles of Painting as Applied to Works of Art - Research Paper Example The paper "The Six Principles of Painting as Applied to Works of Art" will discuss the six principles and highlight artworks that use each of the principles. The first principle of art that Xie described was that of spirit resonance rhythm and breath. Xie highlighted that artists who qualified gave life to their art pieces. According to Xie, a painting needed to have life so that it could have an impact on the viewer. In his view, work that did not have any spirit resonance or rhythm was useless and dead. Symbolically, Xie described a viewer seeing the art of an artist as practically taking in the artist’s breath. One of the Chinese paintings that reflect this principle is Emperor Huizong’s artwork titled Auspicious Cranes. The work was 112.5 Ãâ€" 138.2 cm in size. It belonged to the Liaoning Provincial Museum in Shenyang. Emperor Huizong was a leader of his dynasty, but who exhibited an artistic talent. Despite the need to focus on leadership issues, he found time to practice the art. In this painting, he was striving to depict a poetic idea. An inscription on the painting depicted the idea he sought to communicate. The poem described how immortal birds appeared next to clouds in an effort to announce good tidings. In the poem, he highlighted that the birds arranged themselves in twos forming a noble arrangement. The painting depicted 20 white cranes, forming a design above the sky, which appeared as though it was just above the city gates. From the poem next to the painting, it became evident that Huizong.

Midterm Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Midterm - Assignment Example The fall of this age credited with the Dorian Invasion, which is believed to have happened around 1100 B.C., and which came to be the conclusive deathblow to the Minoan civilization (Lawall & Maynard 24). According to Greek legend, it was in this age that the Oedipus tragedy evolved, and the story later depicted in Aeschylus' Oresteia played out. This was the time of the famous Trojan War, which left the Trojans and Greeks alike bereft of some of their most beloved and courageous men who died as heroes on the incarnadine battle fields (Lawall & Maynard 34). This was the time of the wonderings of Aeneas and Odysseus after the war, and a time where the inhabitants of Mount Olympus interacted with the humans more than ever. Homer did not live during the time, which is named after him. He is believed to have lived three hundred years after the Homeric Age of which he wrote about in his epic poems (35). He is, of course, our most important literary source for knowledge of this period, com bining the history, religion, myth, and lore of many generations (Lawall & Maynard 37). The political institutions of the Homeric Greeks were exceedingly primitive. ... Practically his only functions were military and priestly. He commanded the army in time of war and offered sacrifices to keep the gods on the good side of the community (Lawall & Maynard 48). Although each little group of villages had its council of nobles and assembly of warriors, of these bodies had neither any definite membership nor status as an organ of government. The duties of the former were to advise and assist the king and prevent him from usurping despotic powers. The  functions of the latter were to ratify declarations of war and assent to the conclusion of peace (Lawall & Maynard 50). Almost without exception, custom took the place of law, and the administration of justice was private. Even willful murder was punishable only by the family of the victim. While it is true that the king for settlement, he acted in such cases merely as an arbitrator, not as a judge. As a matter of fact, the political consciousness of   the Greeks of this time was so poorly developed tha t they had no conception of government as an indispensable agency for the preservation of social order. When Odysseus, king of Ithaca , was absent for twenty years , no regent was appointed in his place , and no session of the council or assembly was held. No one seemed to think that the complete suspension of government, even for so long a time, was a matter of any critical importance. Just before the violent Doric invasions, the Achaeans fought the Trojans of Asia Minor. The chronicle of that war, the Iliad, furnishes the first clear picture of the early Greek religion as it evolved from a blending of Achaean, Dorian, Minoan, Egyptian, and Asian elements. This phase of Greek religion called Homeric, after the

Using Data Wrangling and Gemms for Metadata Management

Using Data Wrangling and Gemms for Metadata Management Sharan Narke , Dr. Simon Caton AbstractData lakes are gestated as to be a unified data repository for an enterprise to store data without subjecting that data to any of the constraints while it is being dumped in to the repository. The main idea of this paper is to explain about the different processes involving curating of data in the data lake which facilitates and helps wide range of people other than IT staffs in an enterprise or organization Keywords- Data Lake ; Data Wrangling ; GEMMS I. INTRODUCTION In the current scenario, data is seen as a valuable asset for an enterprise or organization. Many of the organizations are now planning to provide with personalized or individual services to its customers and this strategy can achieved with the help of data lakes. Data wrangling refers to the process which starts right from data creation till its storage into the lakes. James Dixon, the originator of terminology explains the difference between data mart, datawarehouse and data lakes as, If data lake is assumed to be a large water body, where in the water can be used for any purpose then data mart is a store which has bottled drinking water and datawarehouse is marked as a single bottle of water (OLeary,2014). Even though data warehouses, data marts,databases are used for storing data, but data lakes provides with some additional features and even data lakes can work in accordance with all of the above ones. Data lakes address the daunting challenge : how to make an easy use of highly diverse data and provide knowledge? Huge quantity of data is available,but most of the times data is stored in information silos with or without connections between these data. If any clear insight is to be derived then data in t he silos is to be integrated.(Hai , et al. 2016) Instead of performing the traditional methods of data warehousing for data management likewise transforming ,cleaning and then storing into repository, here in the data is stored in original format and as required the data is processed in data lake. By implementing in such approach data integrity is achieved (Quix, et al.2016) As per the present situation in the big data world, evaluating large data sets with their quality cleaning them which are of various types has become a challenging task and data lakes can help in achieving them (Farid, et al. 2016) II. LITERATURE REVIEW For easing the process of data curating there are two methodologies namely Data wrangling and GEMMS which helps in achieving the curation process. A. Data Wrangling B. GEMMS A. Data Wrangling Data Curation is in use to mainly specify the required necessary steps in order to maintain and utilize data during its life cycle for future and current users Digital curation involves following steps The data is selected and appraised by archivists and creators of that data Evolving the provisions of intellectual access, storage which are redundant, transformation of data and then committing the specific data for long term usage Developing digital repositories which are trustworthy and durable Usage standard file formats and data encoding concepts Giving knowledge regarding the repositories to the individuals who are working with those repositories in order to make curation efforts successful(Terrizzano, et al.2015) Figure 1: Data Wrangling Process Overview(Terrizzano, et al.2015) In the above figure it represents a number of challenges inherent in creating, filling, maintaining, and governing a curated data lake, a set of processes that collectively define the actions of data wrangling Different steps involved in the data wrangling process are:   Ã‚   1. Procuring Data: It the first step of data wrangling process, Herein the required metadata and data is gathered so as it can be included into the data lakes(Terrizzano, et al.2015) 2. Vetting data for licensing and legal use: After the data procurement is done, then the terms and conditions are determined so as the data can be licensed (Terrizzano, et al.2015) 3. Obtaining and Describing Data: Once the licensing relating to the selected data is agreed upon, the next task is loading the data from source to data lake and the presence of data alone cannot serve the needs, data scientist working on that data should find out that data to be useful so that it can be used to derive useful information out of it. (Terrizzano, et al.2015) 4. Grooming and Provisioning Data: Data obtained in its raw form is often not suitable for direct use by analytics. We use the term data grooming to describe the step-by-step process through which raw data is made consumable by analytic applications. During Data Provisioning, we now focus on getting data into the data lake. We now turn to the means and policies by which consumers take data out of the data lake, a process we refer to as data provisioning (Terrizzano, et al.2015) 5. Preserving Data: This is the final step of the data curation process isManaging a data lake which requires attention to maintenance issues such as staleness, expiration, decommissions and renewals, as well as the logistical issues of the supporting technologies (assuring uptime access to data, sufficient storage space, etc.). (Terrizzano, et al.2015) B. GEMMS(Generic and Extensible Metadata Management System) Generic and Extensible Metadata Management System (GEMMS) which(i) extracts data and metadata from heterogeneous sources,(ii)stores the metadata in an extensible metamodel, (iii)enables the annotation of the metadata with semantic information, and (iv)provides basic querying support (Quix, et al.2016) We divide the functionalities of GEMMS into three parts: (i)metadata extraction,(ii) transformation of the metadata to the metadata model and (iii) metadata storage in a data store Figure 2: Overview of GEMMS system architecture (Quix, et al.2016) (i). The Metadata Manager invokes the functions of the other modules and controls the whole ingestion process. It is usually invoked at the arrival of new files, either explicitly by a user using the command-line interface or by a regularly scheduled job (ii). With the assistance of the Media Type Detector and the Parser Component, the Extractor Component extracts the metadata from files. Given an input file, the Media Type Detector detects its format, returns the information to the Extractor Component, which instantiates a corresponding Parser Component. (iii). The media type detector is based to a large degree on Apache Tika, a framework for the detection of file types and extraction of metadata and data for a large number of file types. Media type detection will first investigate the file extension, but as this might be too generic (iv). When the type of input file is known, the Parser Component can read the inner structure of the file and extract all the needed metadata (v). The Persistence Component accesses the data storage available for GEMMS. The Serialization Component performs the transformation between models and storage formats (Quix, et al.2016). Evaluation of GEMMS System: The goal of evaluation had two parts and GEMMS satisfies these to a major extent (i). GEMMS as a framework is actually useful, extensible, and flexible and that it reduces the effort for metadata management in data lakes (ii). GEMMS system can be applied to a system having large number of files (Quix, et al.2016) II. CONCLUSIONS Data lakes is getting hotter in enterprise IT architecture. However, the company should decide what kind of data lakes  they need based on the current data process systems. Data lakes have its own assumptions and maturity growing framework. The IT leader in large organization should pay attention to the data lakes and figure out their own way for implementing these new IT technologies in their organization (Fang,2015) In this paper, we discussed about Data wrangling , which helps in design, implementation and maintaining the data. Along side the metadata management aspects using GEMMS, which efficiently eases the process and giving the evaluation how GEMMS stays on top in the meta data management in the  data lakes which helps large organisation in managing the data if that organisation is implementing Data Lakes REFERENCES OLeary, D.E., 2014. Embedding AI and crowdsourcing in the big data lake. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 29(5), pp.70-73. Hai, R., Geisler, S. and Quix, C., 2016, June. Constance: An intelligent data lake system. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Management of Data (pp. 2097-2100). ACM. Quix, C., Hai, R. and Vatov, I., 2016. Gemms: A generic and extensible metadata management system for data lakes. In CAiSE forum. Farid, M., Roatis, A., Ilyas, I.F., Hoffmann, H.F. and Chu, X., 2016, June. CLAMS: bringing quality to data lakes. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Management of Data (pp. 2089-2092). ACM. Terrizzano, I., Schwarz, P.M., Roth, M. and Colino, J.E., 2015. Data Wrangling: The Challenging Yourney from the Wild to the Lake. In CIDR.

This Be the Verse by Philip Larkin Essay -- This Be the Verse Philip L

This Be the Verse by Philip Larkin They fuck you up, your mum and dad. They may not mean to, but they do. They fill you with the faults they had And add some extra, just for you. But they were fucked up in their turn By fools in old-style hats and coats, Who half the time were sloppy-stern And half at one another's throats. Man hands on misery to man. It deepens like a coastal shelf. Get out as early as you can, And don't have any kids yourself. Lately, I have read a good deal of poems by Philip Larkin, and one unifying factor that I have noticed is that Larkin never seems to use a filler. Every word in every one of his poems seems to be carefully crafted and placed, to the point where the flow and rhythm of the poem seem almost an accident. One poem I read that really stayed with me is the above poem, "This be the Verse." I will now show you how this poem, which at first glance seems to be written only to amuse, really has a much deeper meaning. I will examine the poem in several parts. First, I would like to examine the use of curse words in the poem, or why other words that would be considered more acceptable to the general public were not used. Then, I will discuss the three stanzas of the poem and what they were meant to do for the audience. Lastly, I will explore why Larkin would write such a poem, and what he was trying to get across to his audience by writing it. The second line in this poem contains the word "fuck," a word that is usually not considered acceptable for the general public. Yet Larkin incorporates it almost immediately into his poem. I can think of four possible reasons why. Firstly, words such as fuck quickly and easily grab the audiences attention. This is similar to yelling "sex" in a crowded marketplace, everyone wants to know what is being discussed. Also, words like fuck prepare the audience for a humorous bit of poetry, and this perks the audience's attention, and lets them know off the bat that this will not be another long and boring verse. Secondly, words such as fuck produce an atmosphere for adults, or mature people. One term that is used quite extensively lately is "adult language." This term branches off of the common idea that children should and would not use such words until they are older and have a more concrete knowledge of what they are really saying. Thus, by using a w... ...of the poem then provide the solution: to stop reproducing. This is where Larkin says to the world that there is no way out of this problem. That the human race will either have to cease to exist, or simply live with all of it's problems. Like all of his poems, Larkin wrote "This be the Verse" with very careful planning and word placement. And even though this is a funny poem, it has a very deep message to share with the world. Everyone knows that the world is full of problems, and that hundreds of organizations are trying hard to fix all of the problems in order to make our lives better. However, as demonstrated in the poem, we can never absolve all our problems because we keep handing all of our flaws on to posterity. Thus, the human race will forever have problems, and although we work hard to decrease some, we will always have new problems, and there will never be a completely happy world. And this lesson can be applied to a smaller environment as well. All the way through a country's internal problems, a city's problems, a family's problems and the problems one has with oneself. No one can ever lead a perfectly happy life. There will always be problems to overcome. This Be the Verse by Philip Larkin Essay -- This Be the Verse Philip L This Be the Verse by Philip Larkin They fuck you up, your mum and dad. They may not mean to, but they do. They fill you with the faults they had And add some extra, just for you. But they were fucked up in their turn By fools in old-style hats and coats, Who half the time were sloppy-stern And half at one another's throats. Man hands on misery to man. It deepens like a coastal shelf. Get out as early as you can, And don't have any kids yourself. Lately, I have read a good deal of poems by Philip Larkin, and one unifying factor that I have noticed is that Larkin never seems to use a filler. Every word in every one of his poems seems to be carefully crafted and placed, to the point where the flow and rhythm of the poem seem almost an accident. One poem I read that really stayed with me is the above poem, "This be the Verse." I will now show you how this poem, which at first glance seems to be written only to amuse, really has a much deeper meaning. I will examine the poem in several parts. First, I would like to examine the use of curse words in the poem, or why other words that would be considered more acceptable to the general public were not used. Then, I will discuss the three stanzas of the poem and what they were meant to do for the audience. Lastly, I will explore why Larkin would write such a poem, and what he was trying to get across to his audience by writing it. The second line in this poem contains the word "fuck," a word that is usually not considered acceptable for the general public. Yet Larkin incorporates it almost immediately into his poem. I can think of four possible reasons why. Firstly, words such as fuck quickly and easily grab the audiences attention. This is similar to yelling "sex" in a crowded marketplace, everyone wants to know what is being discussed. Also, words like fuck prepare the audience for a humorous bit of poetry, and this perks the audience's attention, and lets them know off the bat that this will not be another long and boring verse. Secondly, words such as fuck produce an atmosphere for adults, or mature people. One term that is used quite extensively lately is "adult language." This term branches off of the common idea that children should and would not use such words until they are older and have a more concrete knowledge of what they are really saying. Thus, by using a w... ...of the poem then provide the solution: to stop reproducing. This is where Larkin says to the world that there is no way out of this problem. That the human race will either have to cease to exist, or simply live with all of it's problems. Like all of his poems, Larkin wrote "This be the Verse" with very careful planning and word placement. And even though this is a funny poem, it has a very deep message to share with the world. Everyone knows that the world is full of problems, and that hundreds of organizations are trying hard to fix all of the problems in order to make our lives better. However, as demonstrated in the poem, we can never absolve all our problems because we keep handing all of our flaws on to posterity. Thus, the human race will forever have problems, and although we work hard to decrease some, we will always have new problems, and there will never be a completely happy world. And this lesson can be applied to a smaller environment as well. All the way through a country's internal problems, a city's problems, a family's problems and the problems one has with oneself. No one can ever lead a perfectly happy life. There will always be problems to overcome.